The variety of species with adaptations to produce toxins is matched by the variety of uses of those toxins: northern stargazers, for example, use toxins for defense, whereas tiger snakes use toxins for predation and skeleton shrimp use toxins for intraspecific competition. In fact, a species may have adaptations enabling it to produce a toxin with multiple uses. Finding that the venom used by the Panamanian scorpion Centruroides granosus to subdue prey also inhibits growth of the pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Dumas Gálvez and colleagues conclude that the particular form of venom production observed in C. granosus may have propagated through the species because it mitigates risk during feeding in addition to enhancing predation success.